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Flood Risk Assessments for London

Site-specific FRAs for planning across every London borough. You need one for any site in Flood Zone 2 or 3, for sites of one hectare or more in Flood Zone 1, and for any site in a Critical Drainage Area, which covers much of London.

Aegaea hold all the flood models and breach data on our own systems, so there’s no delay in your application while waiting for data - we can process and write your FRA within 5 working days! That’s time saving and cost saving across London.

Learn more about how flood risk affects planning in London

We have summarized the useful and key information required to better understand how flood risk can impact your London development and the importance of a FRA for Planning.

Different Types of Flood Risk in London

The City of London has been constructed on a large Flood Plain. As such the vast majority of it is within a Flood Zone. Central London in particular is affected by multiple sources of flooding. Thankfully, it’s also protected to a 1 in 1000-year standard of protection by the Thames Barrier. Without it, London would be at a much more significant risk of flooding.

The Environment Agency map for planning demonstrates only the flood risk from rivers and seas without the presence of defences. This is why Central London, such as the London Borough of Southwark for example, is shown to be within a Flood Zone. Due to its urban characteristics, London is greatly affected by surface water flooding and sewer flooding. However, these data sets cannot be accessed by the Environment Agency Flood Map for Planning.

There’s also the question of residual risk should the defences fail. Although this is considered to be a highly unlikely scenario, much of London is still assessed based on this risk. However small the possibility, the results of such an event would be devastating to much of the area.

When assessing flood risk throughout London, our team will review multiple sources of flooding, as well as this residual risk (commonly referred to as Breach), to ensure every risk can be mitigated to gain planning.

London also contains many boroughs that are considered Critical Drainage Areas. This is where surface water is unable to drain at an appropriate rate, causing further flooding. These areas always require a Flood Risk Assessment no matter the development.

Across London, the severity and extent of each source of flooding vary. It is therefore important for the success of a project to understand what flood zone your site is located in and whether it is affected by other sources of flooding. This could impact the design, timeframes, and mitigation measures required to make the development acceptable for planning. If each flood risk source has not been appropriately reviewed, it is likely to be rejected at Planning by the Environment Agency or Local Planning Authority.

There are certain developments that are permitted within the London Flood Zones that don’t need an exception test. However, if it is necessary and the development doesn’t pass the exception test, it’s likely to be rejected at the planning stage.

Find out more about the exception test here.

Unlocking Development In London

The City of London has been constructed on a large floodplain. As such, the vast majority of it is within a Flood Zone.

Central London, in particular, is affected by multiple sources of flooding.

Thankfully, the Thames Barrier protects it to a 1 in 1000-year standard up to the year 2100.

Without it, London would be at a much greater risk of flooding.

Isn’t The Flood Map For Planning Enough?

No! The Environment Agency flood map for planning only shows the flood risk from rivers and seas without the presence of defences.

London policy has requirements on breach analysis, surface water, residual risk and critical drainage areas!

The data sets that inform on this risk are not immediately accessible through the Environment Agency (though they can be requests).

When assessing flood risk throughout London, our team will review large amounts of data to give you a clear picture of risk.

Read more about why Flood Risk Assessments in London differ from other parts of the UK.

Surface Water

Due to its urban characteristics, London is greatly affected by surface water and sewer flooding.

London also contains many boroughs that are considered Critical Drainage Areas.

These are areas where surface water is unable to drain at an appropriate rate, causing further flooding. These areas always require a Flood Risk Assessment, no matter the development.

Residual Risk (Breach)

What happens if defences fail?

Though this is considered to be a highly unlikely scenario, much of London is still assessed based on the question, “What would happen if?”

However small the possibility, the results of such an event would be devastating to much of the area.

What Sets Aegaea Apart?

Across London, the severity and extent of each source of flooding vary.

It is, therefore, important for the success of a project to understand what flood zone your site is located in and whether it is affected by other sources of flooding.

This could impact the design, timeframes, and mitigation measures required to make the development acceptable for planning.

If each flood risk source has not been appropriately reviewed, the Environment Agency or Local Planning Authority will likely reject it at Planning.

We’ve got in-depth knowledge of London Borough Policy and how it impacts your plans.

From our projects

See our work in practice

A project from our water team.

Managing Complex Surface Water Flood Risk at the Dew Drop Inn Redevelopment

Read the case study

Common questions

Here are answers to common questions about this work. If you would like to discuss your own site, we can help you work out what is needed.

A Flood Risk Assessment (also known as an FRA) is a planning document that allows clients and local authorities to assess the flood risk to a site. This allows local authorities to understand whether a development will be safe to build in its current state in relation to different types of flooding.

FRA’s are necessary for many different project sizes, from new home extensions to constructing multiple properties on a large piece of land. It assesses multiple sources of flooding to your existing and future development/site, whilst referencing National and Local Planning Policies.

The flood assessment further establishes whether any other third parties could provide comments about the development (such as; Environment Agency, Local Drainage Boards, Lead Local Flood Authority, etc).

The key outcomes of the flooding risk assessment in a basic form are;

  • Establish the risk of flooding to the site
  • Cross-reference the findings from a review of the flood data against national and local planning policy
  • Confirm what is and is not viable based on the initial data review
  • Review proposed design/layout and comment on whether the development would be acceptable for planning
  • Assess impacts onsite and offsite as a result of constructing the development
  • Advise and provide recommendations of what mitigation measures could be introduced to prevent flooding impacting the site, its future users/occupants, and whether it increases the risk of flooding elsewhere, post-construction.

It should be noted that even if a development can be shown to be mitigated from the flood risk, planning authorities still may not deem it acceptable for construction. Certain developments have stricter planning and are therefore more stringent on what is and isn’t acceptable. This is something we can advise you on upfront during our initial consultation so you’ll know if there are some additional complexities with your project or the flood zone it’s located in.

Read more about what a flood risk assessment is.

In England, a FRA is required when the development or site is located in Flood Zone 2 and 3 according to the Environment Agency flood map for planning. An FRA is also required if the Site is in Flood Zone 1 when it is equal to or greater than 1 hectare in size or if it’s located within a Critical Drainage Area, regardless of its size.

Even with this in mind, the National Planning Policy Framework requires an FRA to be used to assess all sources of flooding. Therefore, an FRA could be requested even if your site doesn’t fit these requirements. Especially if there is a history of flooding, such as from a sewer or reservoir.

If your site is within 20 meters of an Environment Agency (EA) Main River, it’s also highly likely you’ll be required to provide an FRA with a particular focus on the EA Guidance.

Use the Environment Agency’s Flood Map for Planning, which is free to access. You define your site boundary and it returns the flood zone classification, along with surface water and climate change data. In Scotland, use SEPA’s flood maps; in Wales, the Flood Map for Planning published by Natural Resources Wales.

On the EA map, light blue shading is Flood Zone 2 and dark blue is Flood Zone 3. Either means your site is at risk of flooding and a Flood Risk Assessment will be required. An application submitted without one will likely be rejected, so it is worth checking at the idea stage rather than after the design is fixed. Finding out late can mean costly changes, from raising floor levels to relocating buildings on the site.

Bear in mind the maps show risk from rivers and the sea. They do not show Flood Zone 3b, and they will not tell you about groundwater or sewer flooding, so a clear result does not always mean no assessment is needed. Plenty of sites outside Flood Zones 2 and 3 still require an FRA.

Being in a flood zone does not end your development plans. Our team has supported many complex projects, including large developments in Flood Zone 3b, the highest risk classification in the English planning system. If you are unsure which flood zone your site falls in, or whether the project is viable, get in touch.

Flood zones classify land by the annual probability of river and sea flooding. They are defined in Annex F, table 1 of the NPPF and mapped by the Environment Agency on the Flood Map for Planning. Flood Zone 1 is less than 0.1%. Flood Zone 2 is between 1% and 0.1% from rivers, or 0.5% and 0.1% from the sea. Flood Zone 3a is 1% or more from rivers, or 0.5% or more from the sea. Flood Zone 3b, the functional floodplain, is where water has to flow or be stored in floods, identified by the council in its strategic flood risk assessment.

The aim of the sequential test is to steer new development to areas with the lowest risk of flooding. Development should not be allocated or permitted if there are reasonably available sites appropriate for the proposed development in areas with a lower risk of flooding. The strategic flood risk assessment will provide the basis for applying this test. The sequential approach should be used in areas known to be at risk now or in the future from any form of flooding.

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) states that all plans and strategic policies informed by a Strategic Flood Risk Assessment should adopt a sequential, risk-based approach to the location of development. Inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding should be avoided by directing development away from high-risk areas. This isn’t always possible, and when it isn’t, the development should be made safe for its lifetime, tailored to its specific use, and without increasing flood risk elsewhere.

The sequential risk-based approach to the location of development should also consider the current and future impacts of climate change. In circumstances where it is demonstrated that the site could be at risk of flooding or is currently in a flood zone, then it is necessary to apply the Exception Test, which is discussed below in greater detail.

In summary, the sequential test is required to be applied for strategic planning purposes, reviewing site allocations and the flood zones they are located within to support the Local Plan. The Sequential Test can also be applied for single planning applications. In both instances, it is encouraged that new development should be located in areas of lowest flood risk – Flood Zone 1.

If your site is located in Flood Zone 2 or 3 then it could be requested by the Local Planning Authority and Lead Local Flood Authority to produce a Sequential Test, which justifies why development of your site in a flood zone over another which is not, is preferred and should be considered.

It should be further noted that where planning applications come forward on sites allocated in the development plan through the sequential test, applicants need not apply the sequential test. This is because it has already been conducted by the Lead Local Flood Authority / Local Planning Authority.

To determine whether your development may require a sequential test, as well as a Flood Risk Assessment, please contact us. We can work with you to discuss your site, development aspirations, and how best to mitigate flood risk.

The Exception Test is necessary when a development is located in a flood zone.

The need for the exception test will depend on the potential vulnerability of the site and of the development proposed.This is in line with the Flood Risk Vulnerability Classification set out in National Planning Policy Guidance.

The Exception Test consists of two parts. Both elements should be satisfied for the development to be allocated (Development Plan) or permitted (planning application).

For the exception test to be passed, it should be demonstrated that:

The development would provide wider sustainability benefits to the community that outweigh the flood risk.

The development will be safe for its lifetime, taking account of the vulnerability of its users, without increasing flood risk elsewhere, and, where possible, will reduce flood risk overall.

A professionally written, researched and thought-out Flood Risk Assessment can add real value to your planning application. It can reduce the costs of the application process through redesign, time, and water management.

Our highly experienced team can review developments against the policy requirements and flood zones. We then utilise our industry experience and local region knowledge to ensure that we provide you with the correct answer. We do this all for a highly competitive price, with no “one size fits all” quotes.

There are a lot of different parameters that can influence the time it takes to complete an FRA. Each project is unique and has different flood risks, designs, environmental conditions, topography, historic uses, and are subject to different planning policies. All of these can affect the time it takes for a flood risk assessment to be completed. The industry standard for an FRA is around 4 to 6 weeks.

Our team, however, have experience in supporting over 1,000 projects and have developed methods and techniques to analyse data efficiently and effectively review every aspect in a timely manner. On average, our FRA reports take 5 to 10 working days once we have received the necessary data.

If a site is located in Flood Zone 2 or 3, generally we would request data from the Environmental Agency (EA), or the relevant governing agency / third party. The Environment Agency have a statutory 20 working day (4 weeks) turnaround for all enquiries, including data. This turnaround time is echoed by most third party providers.

From then, we will conduct a thorough analysis with industry leading software and our in house tools. Once this is done, we’ll review the results with you and examine the risk of flooding before we complete the report. We make sure to keep you up-to-date throughout the whole process so you’re always aware of timelines. That way, you can get on with organising the rest of the planning application.

A Flood Consequence Assessment (FCA) is the Welsh equivalent of a Flood Risk Assessment. It is a planning document that shows your local planning authority what would happen to your development in a flood, how those consequences will be managed, and that flood risk will not be increased elsewhere.

It is assessed against Planning Policy Wales and Technical Advice Note 15 rather than the NPPF, alongside any local policy that applies to your site. You will usually need one for development in Flood Zone 2 or 3, or in a TAN15 Defended Zone.

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